How to Read an IEP: A Parent’s 10-Part Guide

By Frances Shefter, Esq.
Special Education Attorney, Advocate, Former Teacher and Special Education Coordinator

 

1. Follow It in Order

Start with Present Levels and work through the IEP section by section.

2. Jump to What You Need

Already reviewing goals, placement, or accommodations? Go directly to that chapter.

3. Come Back Anytime

Bookmark this guide and use it whenever you receive a draft or updated IEP.

 

Part 1 — Present Levels

Check whether the IEP accurately describes your child’s strengths, needs, and current performance—the foundation for every decision that follows.

Part 2 — Annual Goals

See whether your child’s goals address the needs identified in the Present Levels and give the team a clear way to measure progress.

Part 3 — Accommodations

Find out whether each accommodation removes a specific barrier your child faces—and whether teachers will know when and how to provide it.

Part 4 — Supplementary Aids

Review the supports your child receives throughout the school day and check whether the IEP explains clearly how staff will use them.

Part 5 — Related Services

Understand the instruction and related services in your child’s IEP, including how often they are provided and where they take place.

Part 6 — Progress Reports

Read progress reports alongside the new draft IEP to see whether your child’s growth and ongoing needs are reflected accurately.

Part 7 — When Progress Stalls

Learn what to ask when your child is not making expected progress and why the team can revisit the IEP before the annual review.

Part 8 — Placement

Understand how the team determines where your child’s IEP can be implemented after identifying the instruction, services, and supports they need.

Part 9 — Extended School Year

Explore whether your child needs services beyond the regular school year and how the team should consider their individual needs.

Part 10 — Putting It All Together

Use the full guide to review a draft IEP, spot gaps between its sections, and prepare your most important questions for the meeting.